Harry Potter Essay

There are such huge numbers of things one needs to do to be viewed as a legend. For example, the cliché legend is solid, attractive, and accomplishes something breathtaking like sparing someone’s life or a logical forward leap. Be that as it may, not all saints must have these attributes. Harry Potter is definitely not a cliché legend using any and all means. He isn’t solid, or attractive, however he is a lot of a saint. Numerous heroes’ lives follow an example. As a saint, Harry Potter follows a similar cycle. To start with, Harry Potter is living with his Aunt, Uncle, and cousin, the Dursley’s. He before long discovers that he is qualified to go to Hogwarts. The School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. He acknowledges the greeting after much encounter with his Uncle about the subject, and a little assistance from his companion, Hagrid, a kindred wizard. He at that point gets some answers concerning how he got the â€Å"z† formed scar on his temple. Voldemort, the most impressive dull enchantment wizard, offered it to Harry Potter in the wake of murdering his folks. Once Harry Potter showed up at the school, Voldemort started to wreck ruin on the school and this is the place Harry Potter’s venture starts. Harry Potter experiences such a large number of difficulties, some more significant than others. One miniscule test for him is to get familiarize to enchantment and learning and recalling numerous spells that will come close by later. He was to some degree segregated from the remainder of the wizards and witches since it’s his first year at Hogwarts, yet he becomes a close acquaintence with Ron Weasley and Hermoine Granger. En route they unquestionably help him in his journey. Subsequent to investing such a great amount of energy with Hagrid, Harry discovers that Nicholas Flamel is the producer of the sorcerer’s stone, which gives individuals boundless life. Harry initially imagined that Severus Snape, the protection against the dull expressions instructor, was after the stone. He at that point discovers that Voldemort is after that stone and is feeble and needs that stone so he can live everlastingly and satisfy his fantasy about assuming control over the wizarding sce ne. Harry Potter’s last test was when Hermione, Ron, and he, needed to move their way past fleecy, the three-headed, goliath hound, get a nark (a brilliant ball utilized in the round of quidditch), and play a real existence measured round of chess to arrive at the chamber which held the sorcerer’s stone. When he arrived at the chamber, he discovered Professor Quirrell attempting to take the sorcerer’s stone since he is controlled by Voldemort. Harry then battled Voldemort, recovered the stone, and obliterated it, alongside Voldemort. When Harry woke up he understood he was in the medical clinic , and Dumbledore, the dean, was there to praise and thak him for halting Voldemort, and uncovered to him that he was inclined to Voldemort’s lethal spells since his mom yielded herself for Harry when he was a youngster which put a defensive shield around Harry. Once back to wellbeing, Harry was broadcasted a saint by all. Taking everything into account, saints come in all shapes and sizes. It’s not about looks, cash, and assets. It’s about what they did to turn into a genuine legend. Many despite everything accept that generalizations will consistently be correct and that’s the main way you can be a legend, yet and still, after all that, individuals despite everything have various feelings on who is attractive, or how much cash you must have to be viewed as rich.

A midsummer night's dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A midsummer night's fantasy - Essay Example The activity swings to and fro between these characters and with common expertise Shakespeare entwines these different strings into a beautiful woven artwork. The activity starts in Athens, and afterward fixes to the forested areas outside Athens before peaking again in Athens. The setting of the activity in the forested areas is a basic part of the play. It is the domain of pixies and there is enchantment noticeable all around, truly! It is a world far-expelled from the real world and where creative mind is sans given rein. In this dreamlike, setting the sweethearts discover a getaway from the limitations of neighborly society and can shed their restraints. The forested areas are wonderful, fantastic, and secretive however it can turn threatening and the characters wind up going up against their dim sides before finishing the change which holds the way in to their aggregate bliss. Also, it is in this topic of change that pervades the play that the forested areas have specific hugeness. Northrop Frye discusses the â€Å"green world† in Shakespeare’s comedies as a spot offering brief comfort from the unremarkable challenges that swarm human presence (qtd. in Sullivan Jr. 184). In the expressions of Laroque, â€Å"The green world was viewed as a position of departure from the limitations of the law and of regular day to day existence, a position of progress and profound inside transformation† (29). The forested areas in A Midsummer Night’s Dream play out this capacity commendably. Athens has become a cold spot for the darlings Hermia and Lysander as Egeus wishes his little girl to wed Demetrius and he would prefer to have her executed according to the rules that everyone must follow than permit her to follow the directs of her heart. At the point when Theseus is approached to manage this problem he finds that his options are limited and he says: These lines mirror the brutality and unbending savagery of the center point of human advancement that is Athens.

First Class Essays

First Class Essays The OE Blog First class essays are the holy grail of the student experience: the pinnacle of academic achievement. Most students hope to achieve one or two in the course of their degree, but to write one requires extensive skill and academic knowledge. A recent boom has recently been reported in students looking outside university for essay writing support. The Daily Telegraph reported that more and more students are turning to essay writing companies like Oxbridge Essays, who provide first class essays written by students and graduates of the UK’s top universities. Students are then able to use these essays as inspiration for their own work, learning sophisticated new techniques for structuring and formatting their writing. Such fantastic examples can also be invaluable for students who are trying to grasp complex and alien concepts such as referencing for the first time. Others arrive at university with little idea of what is expected from a written assignment at degree level and turn to Oxbridge Essays to find fantastic examples of the sort of standard they should be aiming for. Much of the problem seems to stem from the fact that few UK universities offer formal training or advice in the art of essay writing, allowing those all-important techniques to remain an elusive mystery to many frustrated and struggling students. From writing an efficient and exhaustive introduction to proper paragraphing, and from tone and content to a concise conclusion, simple essay skills remain out of reach of thousands of university students. Using sample essays allows students to learn by example and be inspired by excellent work before attempting to employ similar methods to good effect in their own writing. One of the largest demographics looking outside university for essay writing support is foreign students, eagerly accepted by UK universities for the elevated fee levels they are prepared to pay, but not always given the support they need to learn how to express their academic thoughts in essay form. Critics fear that essay writing companies allow students to pass off bought essays as their own, but Stratos Malamatinas, founder of Oxbridge Essays, explained to the Telegraph; “it’s made explicit to our customers that they should use our material merely as inspiration”. The clear problem is that not enough support is being provided for UK university students in the technical skills of essay writing, forcing them to look elsewhere for help and guidance.

The Outsiders Essay - 809 Words

The Outsiders In class we have been reading a novel called ‘The Outsiders’ by S E Hilton. This book was published forty years ago and is still popular because it has an interesting theme and characters as well. The book was set in the 1960’s in Tulsa, Oklahoma, America. This book is about a boy named Ponyboy Curtis and his brothers and his gang. Ponyboy is from a gang called the greasers. The greasers are enemies with the socs who are the rich kids. Ponyboy is good friends with Johnny Cade, who is also part of the gang. They get involved in a fight with the socs and murder one of them. Dally helps them to run away. They go to a place called Windrixville and hide in an abandoned church. When Dally comes to visit them, they go out to eat.†¦show more content†¦The word ‘snarling’ makes the reader imagine a wild animal that is only interested in self-preservation. This compares with the word ‘brothers’ which suggest love and support. A further exa mple of when loyalty and friendship is shown when Johnny killed Bob the Soc because he was trying to drown Ponyboy: â€Å"†¦I had to. They were drowning you Pony. They might have killed you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote shows us that Johnny is so protective over Ponyboy, he doesn’t even care about his own life. This also shows us how close Johnny and Ponyboy are. A final example of friendship and loyalty is when Dally helps Johnny and Ponyboy to run away so they won’t get caught. â€Å"I’ll be up there as soon as I think it’s clear† This shows us how much Dally cares about his gang members even though he can be very mean sometimes. One of the reasons that this book is still popular today is because of the great characters. My favourite character is Dallas Winston – a high ranking, short tempered vicious wild greaser, with a kind heart that is well hidden. A key trait in Dallas’ character is his violence: â€Å"In New York, Dallas blew off steam in gang fights† This shows us that Dallas channels his emotions through violence. He doesn’t put his protective shield down no matter what. Dallas Winston looks like a typical greaser. His personality goes with his looks as well. â€Å"He had an elfish face, withShow MoreRelatedThe Outsiders : The Outsiders By S. E. Hinton749 Words   |  3 Pages The Outsiders Essay The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton is about two groups of kids the greasers and the Socs. The Socs are the rich kids who drive expensive cars and wear expensive clothes and the greasers are considered the bums. They don’t have money and they don’t get whatever they want, they also have to work extra hard to get to where they want to be. If you are considered a greaser you are a muffin and the Socs are the cupcakes. Everybody would prefer a cupcake over a muffin, butRead MoreEssay on The Outsiders1554 Words   |  7 PagesThe Outsiders ‘The Outsiders’ is written by S.E. Hinton. It is set in the 1960s in a town in the USA. It is about the conflict of the two main teenager gangs called the Socs (short for Socials) and the Greasers. The Socs live on the West side where they live a supposedly better life with everything that they want and the Greasers live on the East side with nothing much but anger and jealousy about the Socs who always seem to be privileged in every way. The conflict (a state of disharmony Read MoreThe Outsiders and Johnny1648 Words   |  7 PagesTHE OUTSIDERS Study Guide Answers Chapters 1-2 1. Identify Darry, Sodapop, and Ponyboy by giving at least 3 descriptions of each. †¢ Darry – oldest brother, 20, roofer, former football player †¢ Sodapop – middle brother, 16, dropout, works at gas station †¢ Ponyboy – youngest brother, 14, good grades, runs track 2. How are Greasers different from Socs? †¢ the way they dress †¢ money †¢ how they express their emotions 3. Who were other members of Pony’s gang? †¢ Two-BitRead MoreThe Outsiders Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Outsiders Essay – Describe an interesting theme from a text you have studied. Explain why this theme is interesting. In the novel â€Å"The Outsiders† by S.E Hinton an important theme is family and friendship. This theme is interesting because it shows us how when you’re family you come together to look after each other no matter what. The theme of friendship is also interesting because when your friends you support each other through everything and anything no matter what the consequences areRead MoreThe Outsiders Should Not Be Banned1388 Words   |  6 PagesThe Outsiders English teachers in middle schools and high schools have been through many debates over the years on whether or not a certain book should be taught to students in  United States public schooling systems. The Outsiders, is a book that should not be on the list of banned books. Believe it or not the book has been banned from schools and libraries. The Outsiders should not be banned because it provides valuable life lessons involving loyalty. Books like this one, that involve gang membersRead MoreOutsiders Reflection on Ponyboy753 Words   |  3 Pageswas second nature to them. The only problem is that Ponyboy, Soda, and Darry had to stay out of trouble. This is until Johnny kills a soc. Everything goes crazy. It is Ponyboy’s job to figure out the true meaning of green eyes. The Outsiders was a page turner. I was captured by the messages that it revealed as I read further and further. In the beginning of the story the novel started out saying , When I stepped out into the bright sunlight from the darkness of the movie house, I hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Outsiders 906 Words   |  4 PagesThe Outsiders by S.E.Hilton is one of the most well-known books of all time. S.E. Hilton was born in July 22, 1948 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She wrote the book, when she was fifteen, and it was published during a first year in college at the University of Tulsa (Hinton). The book made a huge impact. The book sold more than 14 million copies, and it’s the number one selling young adult book in history (Hinton). She would become really popular, and she would be would be known as â€Å"The Voice of the YouthRead MoreAnalysis Of The Outsiders714 Words   |  3 Pagesgreasers do for each other: they stick up for one another and build a supportiv e community. In the story, The Outsiders, by SE Hinton, the book is about Ponyboy and his gang taking care of each other because there gang is that they fight against the Socs. The characters and actions of this story create a supportive community Kindness and Loyalty. To begin with, characters and actions in The Outsiders prove the kindness creates a supportive community. For example, the character Cherry proves when she thanksRead MoreOutsiders Reflection on Difference783 Words   |  3 PagesThe thing that makes a person a person. We would all be the same if differences never existed, not only differences in physical features, but personality, humor, and sincerity. In the book The Outsiders by SE Hinton, there are many details, some of minor significance, some not as trivial. The movie The Outsiders, produced the endowed Francis Coppolas undiluted ingenuity, the director of the fine movie, contains these essential details obviously, but also adds in some lesser minutiae that was not mentionedRead MoreEssay on The Outsiders912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Outsiders The title of the story is The Outsiders. S.E. Hinton wrote it. Dell Publishing published the book. The main characters include Ponyboy, Darry, Soadapop, Dally Winston, Johnny, Cherry, Two-Bit, and Marcia. This story is about a guy names Ponyboy who is a â€Å"greaser†, a member of a group of lower-class youths who wear their hair long and greasy, wear jeans and ripped-up T-shirt, and are at odds with the rich-kid bullies known as the â€Å"Socs†, shorter name for socials. One day, as

The Meaning and Pronunciation of Kashikoi

The Japanese word kashikoi, pronounced kash-coy, means wise, intelligent, bright, or clever. Japanese Characters è ³ ¢Ã£ â€ž 㠁‹ã â€"㠁“㠁„ Example Ano onnanoko wa totemo kashikosouna kao o shiteiru.㠁‚㠁 ®Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã£  ®Ã¥ ­ Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¨ ³ ¢Ã£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ© ¡â€Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation:  That girl looks very intelligent.

Analysis Of Rath Inc, A Family Run Home Daycare Center

Introduction Rath Inc, is a family run in-home daycare center. This business emerged from the passion embody by our family and the need of friends and neighbors for a facility wherein they can have their children after school; that will cater to their education needs (assistance with school works, etc). Being an avid lover of kids and impacting knowledge freely to others, thought it expedient to operate a after-school daycare business. This venture was birth after considerable studies and interviews with people in this business. Studies revealed that there are people in the community desperately in need of help with their kids, especially with tutoring and extended pick up timeframe. The business will focus on parents’ willingness to†¦show more content†¦Moreover, our price will be competitive and services will be of high quality. Research revealed that the two Daycare Centers in our vicinity charge approximately $175 a week. While the in-school before and after school care charges $118 per week. However, their pick-up time range between 5:30pm and 6:30pm, whilst ours 8:00pm. The extended time and competitive weekly price of $120 per child make us more competitive. According to US Census Bureau, there are 2,564 elementary school kids (grades 1- 8) in the Montclair community. Moreover, the median household income in this area is $119,105 (2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates). This is a clear manifestation that parents of this community have the financial propensity to shoulder the cost associated with this program. Marketing Strategy Summary Rath Inc will utilize the information/data gathered in formulating a strategic marketing plan. This entails who is served on the need basis, the cost of service that attracts customers as well as the capacity of the facility. Target Market Forecast Potential Customers Growth 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Single Parents 20% 8 10 12 14 15 Two working Parents 20% 5 6 7 8 10 Total 20% 13 16 19 22 25 Market Trends Economic Growth Child care market is highly in demand especially for single mothers/parents, whether full or part-time workers. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, obtaining

Glaucoma in the US Essay Example For Students

Glaucoma in the US Essay AbstractThis research paper examines glaucoma over the age of 40 in the United States, in the last 10 years. Knowing the fact that glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the United States leads us to choose this subject for research. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that gradually steals sight without warning and often without symptoms. Vision loss is caused by damage to the optic nerve. This nerve acts like an electric cable with over a million wires and is responsible for carrying the images we see to the brain. The two main types of glaucoma are open angle glaucoma, or primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and angle closure glaucoma. Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma. Glaucoma is a chronic disease that must be treated for life. However, much is happening in research that makes us hopeful a cure may be realized in our lifetime. There is exciting work being conducted by scientists all over the world in the areas of genetics, neuroprotection and neuroregeneratio n. These areas of study deal with the origins and pathology of glaucoma as opposed to managing symptoms. A cure is on the way. Glaucoma over the Age of Forty in the United StatesThe term glaucoma encompasses a group of eye diseases, not a single entity. Glaucoma is described broadly in terms of aqueous fluid drainage through the trabecular meshwork, the major outflow pathway. There are two main types: angle closure glaucoma and open angle glaucoma. Open angle glaucoma is far more common in the United States. The American Academy of Ophthalmology defines primary angle closure glaucoma as An appositional or synechial closure of the anterior chamber angle caused by relative pupillary block in the absence of other causes of angle closure. The American Academy of Ophthalmology defines primary open angle glaucoma as a Multifactorial optic neuropathy in which there is a characteristic acquired loss of optic nerve fibers. Classifying glaucoma broadly into angle closure glaucoma or open angle glaucoma is helpful from both a diagnostic and pathophysiological perspective. Problem StatementIn the United States, approxim ately 2.2 million people age 40 and older have glaucoma, and of these, as many as 120,000 are blind due to the disease. The number of Americans with glaucoma is estimated to increase to 3.3 million by the year 2020. Each year, there are more than 300,000 new cases of glaucoma and approximately 5,400 people suffer complete blindness. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness among African Americans and Hispanics in the United States. African Americans experience glaucoma at a rate of three times that of Whites and experience blindness six times more frequently. Between the ages of 40 and 64, glaucoma is fifteen times more likely to cause blindness in African Americans than in Whites. Vision experts estimate that half of those affected may not know they have glaucoma because symptoms may not occur during the early stages of the disease. By the time the patient notices something is wrong, the disease has already caused considerable damage. Unfortunately, the vision lost to glaucoma is gone forever. Medications and surgery can help slow the progression of the disease, but there is no cure. Importance of the StudyThe fact that glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the United States renders this study as extremely important. There is no known treatment for glaucoma, so every little bit of information we can obtain is very important. Natural History of GlaucomaMosbys dictionary (Anderson, 1998) defines glaucoma as an abnormal condition of elevated pressure within the eye caused by obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. Several types of glaucoma have been identified; however, the most common are Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), which has a slow insidious onset, and Angle Closure Glaucoma (ACG), which is less common and more acute in nature (World Health Organization, 2005). .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .postImageUrl , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:hover , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:visited , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:active { border:0!important; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:active , .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594 .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86aca870845a698760b4cf6e8772b594:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dna Fingerprinting EssayIt is noted that POAG is a significant public health problem. POAG is an important cause of blindness and more frequently found to cause nonreversible blindness in African Americans (American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2004). POAG is manageable and because the visual impairment caused by glaucoma is irreversible, early detection is essential. In the United States more than seven million office visits are made per

Digital Art Exhibition Review

Table of Contents Introduction Digital Exhibition Digital art criteria Digital Virgin Digital Dancer Conclusion Reference List Introduction Digital or new media art has greatly transformed the world or art. Digital art emerged in the 1970s and has gained immense popularity with advancement in digital technology. Prior to the digital art era, modern art was more prevalent. Sometimes, digital art is often grouped as a form of modern art but comparing it with most modern art works, it is evident that there is significant difference.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Art Exhibition Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New medial or digital art therefore refers to a variety artistic works prepared using digital technology (Miller 2008, p. 31). Other phrases such as multimedia and computer art are also used to refer to digital art and all the artistic work the common features are referred to as new media a rt. Uri Dotan is one of the most successful digital artists. Based in New York, the artist has many artistic works under his name. Uri Dotan’s works of art are common in many exhibitions not only in New York but also in other parts of the world. With advancement in internet technology, many artists have resorted to online exhibit to display their works of art. In this paper, I will review Uri Dotan digital art online exhibit. Digital art has wide usage in advertisement and filmmaking. It plays a significant role in the modern world where graphic representation has found wide use in the field of marketing. The wide usage of the internet has also created very significant ground for growth of digital art. Digital art can be created in various ways. Some of the artistic works are purely computer-generate while other could be generated from other sources. The works of arts could be generated through scanning, vector graphics and other technologies (Christiane 2006, p. 46). The wor ks of art therefore can refer to works of arts created through other means and later transformed using a computer program. Digital Exhibition Uri Dotan’s online art exhibit is one of the most fantastic online exhibitions to visit. Unlike conventional art exhibit, online art exhibit is accessed from any place in the world, as long as one has internet connection. Online exhibit is therefore open to large audiences. With many upcoming artists, online exhibition provides an efficient ways for displaying artistic works to the public. Uri Dotan is a skilled artist as demonstrated in his works of art. The common theme in his artistic works is that of influence of technology. In his works of arts, the artist is able to take his audience many years ahead of their time. Using his skills in digital art, the artists capture his imagination of the future. Digital art is first of all created in the mind of the artist before being projected electronically (Churchill 2007, para. 3). Uri Dota n demonstrates his imagination as he takes us fifty years ahead of our time through his skills by creating artwork that shows influence of technology on society (The Williams Gallery 2008, para. 2).Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The extraordinary Uri Dotan’s sculptures and paintings exist in digital world. The artistic works appealing to the eye right from the first pages of the online exhibition. Digital art criteria To review an exhibition successfully, one need to use some criteria. Each style of art has some expected criteria. Although the criteria are not explicit, an artist using a particular artistic knows the standard that his or her work or art should meet. Digital art style in one of the challenging styles to analyze. This is above all due to the dynamic nature of the style where digital artists keep coming up with new things every now and then (Wands 2007, p. 79). Digita l art mainly comprise of paintings, sculpture and other work of art that have been transformed using digital technology. For digital art to be considered to be successful, It should be able demonstrate relationship with the work of art from which it was obtained. Uri Dotan is able to demonstrate this as looking at his work one knows that he or she is looking an artistic work. The second criterion that Uri Dotan is able to demonstrate in his work is that is able to the medium as a tool to communicate his message rather than as an end. Their criterion that Uri Dotan is able to demonstrate in his work is originality. All the artistic works in the exhibit are not derived from other people’s works but they are original. The last important criterion of good work of art demonstrated in Uri Dotan work is life. All his works of art have life in themselves and therefore, they are able to be appealing to eyes. Digital Virgin The first artistic work to be encountered is given the name Vi rgin. The beautiful digital painting is an abstract sculpture. The digital Venus is created in an architectural space giving it an outstanding pose (The Williams Gallery 2008, para. 4). The painting is composed in a vertical rectangle with figure centered. The painting is movable and recognizable; it as if the artist is welcoming his audience to view his remaining works of art. Digital Dancer The second artistic work in the online exhibit is referred to as Digital dance. The artwork is comprised of bright strips of metal. The work is poised vertically by use of architectural space (The Williams Gallery 2008, para. 6). Although all these are features of a conventional work, there is no doubt when looking art work that one is looking and a virtual sculpture. Although virtual, the artwork is able draw emotions of creativity associated with world of art rather than technological environment. Uri Dotan’s proficiency in digital art continues to unfold as one meets his other works. The second phase of his exhibits begins with a figure which is more mural Navado-like. Tree leaves and sticks have also been used to symbolize hair and the hand. A pedestal, in three dimensions, sits in front of the mural. Beneath this figure, a keen observe is able to what looks like human feet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Art Exhibition Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Uri Danton’s artistic demonstrate his command in digital art. The artist is able to explore various styles in his artistic work. For his fifth piece of work (labeled Hummingbird), Uri Danton has decided to make use of an angle and walls, as opposed to the all too familiar rectangle (The Williams Gallery 2008, para. 7). The image is not completely enclosed but some of its parts come out of the case. The image seems complicated with shadow falling on the wall. In total, there are eight Uri Dotan’s artistic works in the online exhibit. All the eight digital images are wonderful and they demonstrate Dotan’s proficiency as a digital artist. The artist is able to create spaces and fill them with desired figure. Conclusion Digital art is a major revolution in the world of art. Advancement in digital technology has provided artists with a tool not only to create new images but also transform old works of art. Uri Dotan has demonstrated his skills as a digital artist. In the online exhibit, his work comes out as of high quality and skillful. Reference List Christiane, P., 2008, Digital art. New York: Thames Hudson. Churchill, S., 2007. The Art of Digital Show. Web. Available from:Â  http://www.artofdigitalshow.com/ . Miller, R., 2008, Digital Art: Painting With Pixels. New York: Twenty-First Century Books. The Williams Gallery., 2008. Uri Dotan. Web. Available from http://www.wmgallery.com/dt1095.html .Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wands, B., 2007, Art of the digital age. New York: Thames Hudson. This essay on Digital Art Exhibition Review was written and submitted by user Dixie Davis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A New Technology of Cloning Humans essays

A New Technology of Cloning Humans essays Is cloning the new method to treat human beings in the future? Recently, there has been an argument about cloning a human being. When it comes to cloning, people seem to want it both ways: "no" to reproductive cloning on moral grounds and "yes" to therapeutic cloning on scientific grounds. But, which one is the right decision? Human therapeutic cloning helps the ill to recover more efficiently. Therapeutic cloning helps recreate cells and tissues for better health. The Advanced Cell Technology say: 'therapeutic cloning is cloning for the possibility of recreating young cells and tissues potentially of any kind, genetically identical to the person who needs them, to replace worn out cells and tissues? (www.advancedcell.com). This therapy would help patients with Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injury, heart muscle cells for heart failure, cartilage for arthritis, pancreatic cells for diabetes, as well as many others. Cells are obtained from embryos during women first stage of fertilization. This is one problem that part of society is concern about. They think this act is against moral grounds. Politicians are very concerned with this new therapy method too. They rail against the scientists and try to prohibit a whole tide of research. But such social and political responses ignore the dynamism of medical science its complexity and possibility. At this point, society and politicians have asked many questions to this new issue. Are women allowed to do this? Should there be a restriction on who is able to provide embryos? Is this against religious judgment? But, adult women are capable of their own decisions. If she has chosen to be a donor, it's because she needs a financial support, and at the same time she wants to help people not capable to ideally complete certain present treatments. Before she donates, she is aware of the causes and consequences for which she'd ...

Western Art History Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western Art History - Coursework Example There is also a hint of red pigment on the statue that leads us to believe that it is representative of childbirth.1 The women of this culture were, most likely, revered for their ability to have children. While the Two Worshippers, which were carved to represent the local citizens, were left inside the temple to keep continual prayer vigilance to the god Abu.2 In the end, whether the statue represents a fertility goddess or a person, religion has been prevalent in some form throughout time. Though the various cultures may change, as well as the religious beliefs and rituals, time shows us that religion will always be there. Khafra Enthroned and the Seated Scribe come from two different periods of time in Egyptian Art. Both Kafra and the scribe seem to be seated in different positions. King, or pharaoh, Khafra is wearing similar style clothing to the scribe however it seems that Khafra’s clothing is more elegant than the scribe’s clothing. Clothing is one way of social position. The higher class citizens and royalty wore finer more elegant garments while the other social classes wore clothing that was of much less refinement. Like the clothing upon the statues of King Menkaure and Queen and Ni-ka-re, his wife, and their daughter, Khafra Enthroned shows that kings reveled in power and luxury. All the Egyptian works of art showed great detail when it came to the human form. From the placement of the eyes on the head to the curves on a woman’s body, these sculptures show the importance of the craft taken by the Egyptian sculptors.3 The two works I chose for case studies are from the Hellenistic Greek era of art, Aphrodite from Melos and Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic). I chose these works since I like the Ancient Greek works of art. For the sculpture Aphrodite from Melos (More famously known as Venus of Milo), I used the online book

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation Research Paper

Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation - Research Paper Example perform at the best possible level. This motivation could be innate or derived from external forces/functions, referred to as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, respectively. Level and/or intensity of these two types of motivation have an impact on individual’s commitment, interest, and ability to perform, learn and progress in all aspects of life, be it learning, working, or performing any other activity. Moreover, individuals are variably inclined towards extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Extensive theorizing and research have pointed out that both these motivations are impacted by each other and that they either enhance or undermine impact of the other. This study explores this aspect of motivation while comparing and contrasting both types, with support derived from theories, researches and practical applications. Getting inspired by engaging in activities that produce excitement and challenge is a basic human nature and is one of the core routes towards human development (Sansone & Harackiewicz, 2000). The Cognitive Evaluation Theory explains intrinsic motivation as individual’s opinion or feeling and competence rather than an inner urge itself. Here the control and learning aspects emerge when rewards are attached to task accomplishment. The CET proposes that an individual’s intrinsic motivation is based on control and information. It proposes that if the individual’s locus of control lies outside, then intrinsic motivation is low and if it lies inside, then intrinsic motivation is high; secondly, if the individual has positive information of competence, knowledge, and/or stimulation, then intrinsic motivation is higher and vice versa (Weinberg, 2009). Traditionally, extrinsic rewards were considered as harmful because extrinsic motivation was compared with extrinsic pu nishment (Cameron & Pierce, 4). The CET theory forms the base for understanding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as many arguments with respect to

Textile dyeing and textile wastewater treatment

Textile dyeing and textile wastewater treatment Advances In Textile Dyeing And Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Advanced Oxidation And Membrane Filtration Technologies: A Review Introduction The textile industry is a diverse sector in terms of production of raw materials, operating processes, product development, and equipment. The industry is well-characterized for consuming large amounts of water, energy, and discharging high volumes of waste in to public sewage treatment plants (STP). The main sources of pollution in the textile sector are derived from operating processes such as dyeing and finishing mills. These processes use considerable levels of water (ex. 70-150L for 1kg of cotton), chemicals (salts, alkali, wetting agents, etc.), and dyestuffs (e.g. reactive dyes) to achieve the desired properties of the textile product of which contribute to the pollution load in the industry. Major pollutants of environmental concern in textile wastewater include toxic organic compounds, color, suspended solids, and biochemical/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD). The disposal of textile effluent in the municipal STP is an environmental concern because these industrial pollutant s may pass through unchanged and enter the receiving rivers or streams potentially harming the welfare of aquatic life. The adverse effect of these pollutants on the aquatic environment include depletion levels in dissolved oxygen, reduction in photosynthetic activity, and increase susceptibility for organisms to acids and bases. Effluent treatment technologies proposed in literature include activated sludge, coagulation, ozone, electrochemical oxidation and membrane filtration technologies . Conventional treatment methods such as coagulation and activated sludge have been used to manage textile wastewater to governmental standards for discharging in sewage treatment plants however these processes are ineffective for removing color from wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes such as electrochemical oxidation and ozone are alternative applications to effectively remove color and toxic organic compounds however some disadvantages include operating costs and possible production of chlorinated organic by-products in the receiving waters. Membrane filtration processes such as nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are promising technologies for an ecological friendly approach to treating textile effluent for reuse since it consumes less water and energy. The aim of this review paper is to describe two novel methods for reducing pollution load in textile dyeing of cellulose fabrics. The first method is the use of cationic reagents as a pretreatment for cotton fibers to enhance dye fixation and the second method uses supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) to replace water as a dye transfer medium. An overview on textile dyes, dye fixation, and dyeing process will be discussed. Furthermore, effluent treatment technologies such as coagulation, advanced oxidation processes (electrochemical oxidation and ozone) and membrane filtration technologies (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) in which the mechanism and evaluated as promising applications for treating effluent water to be reuse in textile wet processing operations such as dyeing. Textile Dyes And Dye Fixation Dyes are described as colored substances with complex chemical structures and high molecular weights. By definition the color arises from the attachment of the auxochrome to the chromophore (light absorbing group) of the dyes that alters both the wavelength and intensity of absorption. Dyes manufactured for clothes makers are designed to have good light stability and chemical resistance to degradation, however due to the high solubility of dyes in water biological treatments are ineffective in removing color from the effluent. Wash fastness is an important factor to weigh into consideration when determining the durability of the product. It is dependent on the covalent bond strength between the fiber and dye against alkaline and acid hydrolysis, and the efficient use of water to remove unreacted dye from the substrate. The degree by which dyes are fixed on to fiber and get discharged into the treatment bath after wash-off is referred to as dye fixation. The influence of dye loss is a ttributed to several factors such as the type of dye, the depth of shade, application method, and liquid ratio (water/energy consumption). Cotton and other celullosic fabrics are colored with reactive dyes because these dyes have good light stability and good wash fastness characteristics but poor dye-fixation yields (60-70%). Reactive dyes attach on the fiber via a covalent bond formation between the reactive group of the dye and the nucleophilic group in the fiber. The dye-fiber reaction is facilitated by large amounts of salt and electrolytes that reduce the charge repulsion forces between the negatively charge dye molecules and the negatively charge hydroxyl groups in the fiber as a result of the ionization of cellulose hydroxyl groups in water. However, due to the competitive reaction between the hydroxyl anions (OH-) in the alkaline bath and negatively charge dye molecules for the ionized hydroxyl groups in the cellulose fibers which are the nucleophiles for the dye-fiber reaction; approximately 40% of hydrolyzed (un-fixed) dye remains in the treatment bath at the end of dyeing process. An extensive demand for was h-off is required to achieve the desired wash fastness characteristics on the product. Textile Dyeing Before the fabric enters the dyeing process it must be properly treated to remove all natural impurities and chemical residues applied during operating processes such as fiber production, and fabric weaving and knitting. The pretreatment process includes desizing, bleaching, and mercerization of which contribute nearly fifty percent of waste pollution generated by the industry. Conventional dyeing processes use large amounts of water nearly 100L of water per 1kg of textile. Water is a â€Å"poor† medium for transferring dyes on to the fabric from an environmental point of view because of the increasing shortage of water available. Salts and alkali are added when dyeing cotton with reactive dyes in order facilitate the affinity for the dye molecules on the fiber. The treatment bath at the end of dyeing process is heavily polluted with toxic organic compounds, electrolytes, and residual of dyes of which can be expensive to recover and purify. Effluent disposal is the primary opt ion since treated water to be reuse in the industry needs to have no color, no suspended solids, low COD, and low conductivity levels. Therefore, the development of environmentally safe production methods is challenging since both the wastewater quality and quantity depend to a considerable degree on the technique used for a certain substrate (fiber). Influence Of Cationization For Dyeing Cellulose Fibers With Reactive Dyes The influence of cationization for dyeing cotton with reactive dyes enables an environmentally friendly approach to increase dye utilization, lower water and energy consumption, and reduce effluent disposal/treatment. Cationization of cotton is generally performed by introducing amino groups in the cellulose fiber through the reaction of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose fiber and the reactive group (e.g. epoxy and 4-vinylpyridine) of the quarternary cationic agents. The pretreatment of cellulose fibers with reactive cationic agents will increase dye adsorption as a result of the columbic attraction between anionic dye molecules and nucleophiles on the substrate. The dye-fiber reaction can occur under neutral or mild acidic conditions without the use of electrolytes and therefore severe wash-off procedures can be eliminated since hydrolysis of dyes generally occurs in alkaline conditions. EPTMAC, 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, is an example of a quarternary cationic agent used in research studies to investigate the use of cationization for improving dye adsorption of cellulose with reactive dyes. Under alkaline conditions EPTMAC will react with alcohols to form ethers and thus produce a cationized fiber when it reacts with the methyl hydroxyl groups at the C6 position of the cellulose polymer. A combination of electrostatic interactions such as ion-ion or ion-dipole forces, intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and van der waal forces may influence the adsorption of the cationic group of the pretreatment agent to the anionic carboxylic groups in the cellulose fiber. The reaction between the reactive group of dye molecules and the amino-functional nucleophiles of the cationized fiber has been proposed by Blackburn and Burkinshaw (2003) to occur via a nucleophilic substitution mechanism or a Michael addition to a double bond. Factors that appear to influence the cationic process of dyeing fabrics include cationic reagent concentration, dye concentration, and temperature. Kanik and Hauser (2004) demonstrated that increasing the cationic reagent concentration in the pretreatment solution caused a decrease in dye penetration of the substrate suggesting that an increase in surface coloration occurred as result of the strong ionic attraction of dye molecules for the cationic charges on the fiber. Montazer et al. (2007) reported that the color strength (K/S) values for dyeing with treated cotton with cationic process were often 2-4 times better than that of dyeing via conventional methods (K/S values range from 1-4). The effect of temperature influenced the percent of total dye utilization by increasing the absorption of cationic reagent for the substrate. Subramanian et al. (2006) demonstrated that better color strength values (K/S value 12.987) and maximum total dye utilization (T value 95.1%) were obtained when 20% concentration of cationic reagent (CIBAFIX WFF), 10g/L of soda ash, and an optimal temperature of 70 ºC was used as the cationization parameters. A substantial reduction in industrial pollutants such as BOD5, COD, and total dissolved solids were determined using cationic reagent CIBAFIX WFF compared to dyeing untreated fabric by conventional methods. Blackburn and Burkinshaw (2003) reported the pretreatment of fabric via cationization reduced the level of water consumption to nearly half of that applied during the normal dyeing process ( Textile Dyeing In SuperCritical Carbon Dioxide Supercritical fluid technology is a promising application for the development of a water-free dyeing process in that it can be environmental friendly, energy saving, increase productivity, and eliminate effluent treatment and disposal. The beneficial properties of dyeing textiles in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) are that it is expensive, non-toxic, non-flammable, CO2 can be recycled, and control in dye application rate. SC-CO2 exhibits densities and solvating powers similar to liquid solvents adding to its advantages in textile processing, since its low viscosity and rapid diffusion properties allow the dye to diffuse faster into the textile fibers. SC-CO2 has been successfully employed as a solvent system in the dyeing and finishing processes for synthetic fibers such as polyesters. In polyester dyeing, SC-CO2 penetrates inside the fibers causing them to swell thereby making the fibers accessible to the dye molecules. As the pressure is lowered the dye molecules are trapped inside the shrinking polyester fibers and no waste is generated since the dye molecules cannot be hydrolyzed and no additional energy is required to dry the fabric after dyeing [18]. Since non-polar dyes are primarily used in supercritical CO2 dyeing further development is required to enhance the dyeing of natural fibers with ionic dyes such as acid dyes or reactive dyes because the affinity of natural textiles with dyes occurs by chemical (covalent bonds) interactions or fixed by physical (van der waals) forces.20-21 Kraan et al. (2003) reported four factors that influence the role of supercritical CO2 dyeing for natural fibers â€Å"(1) dye solubility at operating pressure and temperature, (2) fiber accessibility to allow diffusion of dye molecules on substrate pores, (3) dye-fiber substantivity, and (4) the reactivity of dye with the textile.† Sawada et al. (2004) investigated the action of co-surfactant on the phase boundaries of the pentaethylene glycol n-octyl ether C8H5 reverse micelle using various kinds of alcohols and discussed he solubility of ionic dyes in the C8H5 reverse micellar system when co-surfactant density of CO2 and temperature are varied. The research strategy was to dissolve the ionic dye in a SC-CO2/reverse micellar system that involves dispersing a small quantity of water in SC-CO2 and co-surfactant suitable dye bath that contained conventional ionic dyes in SC-CO2. Alcohol, particularly 1-pentanol seems is a suitable co-surfactant to accelerate the solubilization of water in SC-CO2; it assists the formation of stable reverse micelles. Pentaethylene glycol n-octyl ether C8H5 as a surfactant is soluble in liquid and SC-CO2; the complex C8H5/CO2 system has a potential to enhance the solubility of water by an addition of co-surfactant in comparison with a typical reverse micellar system in organic media . Beltrame et al (1998) investigated the effect of polyethylene glycol as a pre-treatment of cotton fabrics in SC-CO2 and the results showed that the dye uptake was strongly increased if cotton was pretreated with PEG. PEG is able to form hydrogen bonds with cellulose chains this prevents the complete deswelling of the fibers during the SC-CO2 treatment thus maintaining to cotton the more accessible to dyeing. At the end of the treatment however when the CO2 is evacuated the dyes migrate out of the polymer in the undissolved state through the polymer pores and washing fastness is consequently very low. In order to avoid these undesired effects benzamide which is soluble in SC-CO2 is a good solvent for disperse dyes as a synergistic agent; it is able to form hydrogen bonds with cotton and PEG thus favoring dye entrapment through the partial occlusion of cellulose pores. The results yield good dye uptake, light and wet-washing fastness are good increasing the durability of the product. F ernandez Cid et al (2005) prior to dyeing the cotton it was presoaked in a solution of methanol to swell the fibers. The methanol replaces the water in the cotton and will attach the cotton hydrogen bonds. The hydrophobic part of the methanol will make diffusion of hydrophobic non-polar reactive dyes into the cotton possible. Application In Wastewater Treatments The treatment of textile wastewater for reuse in textile operations represents an ecological and economical challenge since textile effluents vary in composition due to the different chemicals or physical processes used on fabrics and machinery. Textile pollutants of environmental concern include residual dyes, color, BOD, COD, heavy metals, pH, high suspended solids, and toxic organic compounds.2 Typical effluents characterized in the textile industry and their measurements are presented in Table 1 [23]. Table 1. Effluent Characteristics of Textile Wastewater [derived from Kdasi et al., 2004] Parameters Values pH 7.0-9.0 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 80-6,000 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L) 150-12,000 Total suspended solids (mg/L) 15-8,000 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 2,900-3,100 Chloride (mg/L) 70-80 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 70-80 Color (Pt-Co) 50-2500 The removal of COD and BOD are important from an environmental point view since high levels can deplete the level of dissolved oxygen in receiving rivers causing an increased amount of non-biodegradable organic matter.23 Some advantages and disadvantages for the various chemical-physical treatment processes applied for cleaning wastewater is listed in table 3 (edited from babu et al). References 1. Babu, B. R.; Parande, A.K.; Raghu, S.; Kumar, T.P. Textile Technology, Cotton Textile Processing: Waste Generation and Effluent Treatment. J. Cotton Sci. 11, 141-153 (2007). 2. Savin, I.; Butnaru, R. Wastewater Characteristics in Textile Finishing Mills. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7, 859-864 (2008). 3. Ren, X. Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production 8, 473-481 (2000). 4. Hendrickx, I.; Boardman, G.D. Pollution Prevention Studies in the Textile Wet Processing Industry [Literature Review]. VPI SU Dept. of Civil Engineering, Blacksburg, VA.. Tech. Rep. NCDENR (Ref/01/00469) (May 1995). 5. Ergas, S. J.; Therriault, B. M.; Reckhow, D. A. Evaluation of Water Reuse Technologies for the Textile Industry. Journal of Environmental Engineering 132, 315-323 (2006). 6. Laing, I. G. The Impact of Effluent regulations on the dyeing industry. Rev. Prog. Coloration 21, 56-71 (1991). 7. Alinsafi, A.; da Motta, M.; Le Bonte, S.; Pons, M.N.; Benhammou, A. Effect of variability on the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater by activated sludge. Dyes and Pigments 69, 31-39 (2006). 8. Lin, S.H. and Chen, M.L.. Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Chemical Methods for Reuse. Wat. Res. 31, 868-876 (1997). 9. Canizares, P.; Martinez, F.; Jimenez, C.; Lobato, J.; Rodrigo, M.A. Coagulation and Electrocoagulation of Wastes Polluted with Dyes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 6418-6424 (2006). 10. ONeill, C.; Hawkes, F. R.; Hawkes, D. L.; Lourenco, N. D.; Pinheiro, H. M.; Delee, W. Colour in textile effluents-sources, measurement, discharge consents and simulation: a review. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 74, 1009-1018 (1999). 11. Kulkarni, S. V.; Blackwell, C. D.; Blackard, A. L..; Stackhouse, C. W.; Alexander, M.W.; Textile Dyes and Dyeing Equipment: Classification, Properties, and Environmental Aspects. US EPA , Research Triangle Park, NC, 1985. 12. Blackburn, R.S.; Burkinshaw, S.M. Treatment of Cellulose with Cationic, Nucleophilic Polymers to Enable Reactive Dyeing at Neutral pH withouth electrolyte addition. J. Applied Polymer Science 89, 1026-1031 (2003). 13. Fernandez Cid, M.V.; van Spronsen, J.; van der Kraan, M.; Veugelers, W.J.T.; Woerlee, G.F.; Witkamp, G.J. Excellent dye fixation on cotton dyed in supercritical carbon dioxide using flurotriazine reactive dyes. Green Chem. 7, 609-616 (2005). 14. Frazer, L. A Cleaner Way to Color Cotton. Env. Health Perspectives , 110, 252-254 (2002). 15. Montazer, M.; Malek, R.M.A.; Rahimi, A. Salt Free Reactive Dyeing of Cationized Cotton. Fibers and Polymers 8, 608-612 (2007). 16. Kanik, M. and Hauser, P.J. Printing Cationized Cotton with Direct Dyes. Textile Research Journal 74, 43-50 (2004). 17. Subramanian, M.; Kannan, S.; Gobalakrishnan, M.; Kumaravel, S.; Nithyanadan, R.; Rajashankar, K.J.; Vadicherala, T. Influence of Cationization of Cotton on Reactive Dyeing. JTATM 5, 1-16 (2006). 18. Montero, G.A.; Smith, C.B.; Hendrix, W.A.; Butcher, D.L. Supercritical Fluid Technology in Textile Processing: An Overview. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 4806-4812 (2000). 19. Ozcan, A.S.; Clifford, A.A.; Bartle, K.D. Solubility of Disperse Dyes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. J. Chem. Eng. Data 42, 590-592 (1997). 20. kraan et al 21. Sawada, K.; Takagi, T.; Ueda, M. Solubilization of ionic dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide a basic study for dyeing fiber in non-aqueous media. Dyes and Pigments 60, 129-135 (2004). 22. Beltrame, P.L.; Castelli, A.; Selli, E.; Mossa, A.; Testa, G.; Bonfatti, A.M.; Seves, A. Dyeing of Cotton in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Dyes and Pigments, 39, 335-340 (1998). 23. Al-Kdasi, A.; Idris, A.; Saed, K.; Guan, C.T. Treatment of Textile Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes-A Review. Global Nest: the Int.J. 6, 222-230 (2004).

Baby Boomers Essay -- essays papers

Baby Boomers During the Great Depression and World War II many Americans delayed marrying and having children because of the poor economy. The number of marriages and births soared after the war. Many older couples who had delayed having children began having them when the war ended. This increase in births among both younger and older American couples created the Baby Boom Generation. This large group of people born in the U.S. from 1946 to 1964 amounted to 76 million children. Those born during this time make up approximately 36% of today’s population (Deutsch). What impact has this had on the economy? Read on to see how the baby boom generation has affected the economy and what will happen as they retire. This generation has had a huge impact on the economy due to its sheer size. At first there was a crunch at hospital maternity wards. When the boomers reached school age, schools became overcrowded, forcing towns to build additions. By the time they were entering senior high the cities and towns were expanding. New office buildings, hotels, apartment complexes and stores were springing up everywhere. When they reached college age, American Higher Education had to expand. Large enrollments along with inflation pushed college costs higher. When they started families of their own and became homeowners it drove real estate prices up. As they passed through the life cycle, these shortages soon became surpluses. An example being the collapse of the real estate market in the late1980’s (Sullivan). We can expect a large demand for retirement housing, elder care and finally the funeral industry as the Boomers continue their life cycle. Marketers have followed the boom generation for decades, producing items that appealed to them as children, teens and young adults. With more money in their pockets than time on their hands, today’s baby boomers are dining out at an all time high. Now it is people over the age of 40 who have the resources to purchase big-ticket items. Today the engine that is driving our economy and our stock market is due to the lopsided demographics present right now. The coming of age of discretionary spending is allowing people to buy that SUV, boat, computer, etc that would have been put off in the past (Income). The economy is sensitive to the Boomer generation’s desire for a luxury lifestyle. As they look toward retiremen... ...grams for children, while a new state agency was created to represent the needs and concerns of older citizens.† (Sullivan). The baby boom generation has had a profound effect on the American economy at each stage of their life starting with the demand created for goods, then filling the labor market. Now we’ll have to wait and see if their retirement will cause the doom predicted by some or create the marketplace godsend predicted by others. Bibliography: Buchner, Gail. â€Å"Demographics is Not Destiny†. Journal of Financial Planning. Institute of Certified Financial Planners 1999. Deutsche, Alex. Topical Study #51. 10 Oct. 2001 www.yardenicom/topical.asp Generation Gap to Create Jobs Turnaround. Sydney Morning Herald 4. 10 Oct. 2001 http://www.ncpa.org/pd/economy/econ 10.html Jackson, Gerard. â€Å"Will the Baby Boomers Cure Unemployment?† TNA News with Commentary. 9 Apr 2001. Peterson, Peter G. â€Å"Gray Down: How the Coming of Age Wave Will Transform America and the World†. 1999: 189-90. Sullivan, Teresa A. â€Å"Baby Boom Generation†. Discovery Channel School. 2 Oct. 2001. http://www.discoveryschool.com/homework.help/worldbook/atozhistory/b/040930.html

Do the Writings of Clausewitz have contemporary relevance? Essay

Carl Von Clausewitz has long been considered one of the most important writers in the field of military strategy and tactics. Born in 1780 he first saw action in 1793 when he was a Lance Corporal in the Prussian Army.1 He was to serve throughout the Napoleonic wars working for both the Prussians and the Russians. However: â€Å"throughout his military career he never held a command and was probably unsuited for such. He was essentially a student of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2 However, despite this lack of command, Clausewitz had certainly gained enough experience during the Napoleonic wars to have a fairly comprehensive idea about what war was: â€Å"Before he was forty, he had taken part in some of the greatest battles in the history of warfare and had seen the armies of Napoleon storm their way across Europe to Moscow†¦ Alls this had been the result of military operations, but it was clear to Clausewitz as a young man that the explanation for the success or failure of these operations was not to be sought on the battlefield alone†.3 As a result of this, during his career he came up with many ideas of views on the nature and conduct of war, writing literally thousands of pages of manuscripts on a wide range of areas ranging from politics to tactics.4 After the wars end, he set about trying to write a comprehensive eight part ‘guide’ on his ideas. This collection of essays and manuscripts became known as â€Å"Vom Kriege† (On War). Clausewitz died in 1831 having only completed six of the eight parts.5 Indeed it is important to realise that despite the importance of his work, it is still unfinished and does not cover a number of areas: â€Å"On War contains a comprehensive analysis of the strategy operations and tactics of Napoleonic War, and of their 18th Century background. Left out of the account are most technological, administrative and organisational factors†¦ On War deals almost entirely with the ultimate issues as Clausewitz saw them: Political and strategic planning and the conduct of hostilities†6 Since his death, Clausewitz’s work has come to be regarded as probably one of the most important works on military thinking ever written. Bernard Brodie once wrote that: â€Å"His is not simply the greatest, but the only great book about war†7 Although Clausewitz is still seen as one of the greatest thinkers on war, the question remains – is he still relevant today? Given the immense changes in not only the way we conduct war, but also our attitudes towards war, does his thinking still have any relevance in an era of information warfare and peacekeeping missions? Also given the dramatic changes in the conduct of warfare are his works still important: â€Å"As one US army general has (said) â€Å"the digitisation of the battlefield means the end of Clausewitz†8 Given the large size of Clausewitz’s work it is impossible look at the whole of On War for its continuing relevance. Instead for this essay I have chosen to examine a number of ideas in detail including the idea of war as part of policy, the notion of decisive battle and also his idea of a ‘centre of gravity’. Due to lack of space I have decided not focus on other areas such as the trinity between the politicians, the people and the armed forces, as well as looking at other areas. At it’s simplest Clausewitz’s first book attempts to understand what war actually is and what it does. At it’s simplest he defined it as: â€Å"War is an act of force to compel an enemy to do our will†9 This seems to be true, even today it is hard to imagine a nation state going to war without a rational reason to do so – be it to regain territory or to right a wrong. More recently the growth of Peace enforcement operations such as the war in Kosovo is a classic example of forcing a nation state to bow to the will of others. As such it seems that Clausewitz’s most simple definition still rings true today Clausewitz’s next statement is far more controversial though: â€Å"Kind hearted people might of course think there was some ingenious way to disarm or defeat an enemy without too much bloodshed, and might imagine this is the true goal of the art of war. Pleasant as it sounds, it is a fallacy that must be exposed: War is such a dangerous business that the mistakes which come from kindness are the very worst†10 The above paragraph seems to be aimed at those who have studied the writings of Sun Tzu – the Chinese strategist to which Clausewitz is frequently compared. Sun Tzu felt that war was not about bloodshed – instead he felt that: â€Å"all warfare is based on deception†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 11 Michael Handle wrote that â€Å"Sun Tzu devotes considerable attention to the actions that precede war†¦ for him diplomacy is the best means of achieving his ideal of victory without fighting or bloodshed†.12 It seems that Sun Tzu’s theory of warfare is based more on the notion of avoidance of war rather than the fighting of war itself, whereas Clausewitz feels that war occurs once all other policy choices have been exhausted: â€Å"War is merely the continuation of policy by other means†13 This seems to suggest that in Clausewitz’s mind, War should be seen as merely as a logical progression in policy once other policies such as diplomacy have failed – essentially war is pursued in order to further a States national interest. However some question whether this is still the case: â€Å"Future war will be fought not to pursue national interests, but to kill enemy leaders, to convert opponents to one’s religion, to obtain booty, or sometimes for simple entertainment. Thus the core of Clausewitz’s .philosophy of war – that states wage war using armies in pursuit of political objectives will disappear. Others have maintained that nuclear weaponry, trans-national constabulary warfare, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotrafficking†¦ have rendered obsolete Clausewitz’s definition of war as an act of policy†.14 I believe though that his views are still relevant, in that once a war has begun it should be fought aggressively until its logical conclusion, however unlike in Clausewitz’s time, today the conditions required for victory may be very different and as such it may be harder to achieve a logical conclusion.15 Clausewitz seems more focussed on the idea that the only means of resolving a war is bloodshed (the so called idea of decisive battle) â€Å"The destruction of the enemies forces in war must always be the dominant consideration†16 While this may have been the ideal way of winning wars in the 19th Century it is arguable that in today’s world this view is obsolete for a variety of reasons. Firstly in the 19th Century the only real way of waging war was through lining up two opposing armies and fighting it out until one side one. This procedure was repeated until one country won the war. In today’s world the methods available to fight wars have changed – in place of armies, generals can use precision strikes with guided missiles fired from thousands of miles away to eliminate enemy units with minimal casualties. Special forces units can be used to eliminate key figures and deprive armies of leadership at critical times17. However the main reason why Clausewitz’s views of the objectives in warfare could be seen as obsolete is due to the changing nature of warfare itself. When On War was written, war was a two dimensional affair – fought primarily on land and sea.18 In 2001 though war can be fought on land, sea, air, space and also in cyberspace. In addition there are a wide variety of unconventional types of wars to be fought. As James Adams notes: â€Å"Today we are at war on several fronts. The fights against terrorism, organized crime, economic espionage and weapons proliferation are permanent conflicts that are likely to confront us through the next century†¦ In this new world the soldier will be the young geek in uniform who can insert a virus into Tehran’s electricity supply to plunge the city into darkness†19 There have been suggestions that since 1990 the world (or at least the West) has undergone a so called Revolution in Military Affairs – i.e. a total change in the way that war is fought. Given this, is the idea of decisive battle still relevant? Some institutions clearly feel that it is not – especially as the types of wars that will be fought are so different: â€Å"ironically the dominance that the US will gain from the RMA†¦ will be such that the nature of future conflict will force competitors to deliver asymmetric strategies, including weapons of mass destruction, to counter the US superiority.20 In these new types of conflicts, the search for Clausewitzian decisive victory will be far more elusive and far less relevant than in conventional conflicts†.21 Despite the above quote, I believe that the idea is still relevant – but that the methods that can be used to bring about a decisive victory have changed. As has been seen an enemy can be defeated without using conventional ground troops at all – instead a wide range of different assets could be used. Indeed one view of future warfare suggests that victory (but not necessarily destruction) over an enemy force could be achieved without the use of weapons: â€Å"First a computer virus is inserted into the aggressors telephone switching stations, bringing about a total failure of the phone system. Next computer logic bombs set to activate at certain times, destroy the electronic routers that control rail lines and military convoys†¦ meanwhile enemy field officers obey the orders they receive over the radios unaware that the commands are phoney†¦ US planes, specially outfitted for psychological operations, then jam the enemy’s TV broadcasts with propaganda messages that turn the populace against the ruler. When the despot boots up his PC, he finds that millions of dollars he has hoarded in his Swiss bank account have been zeroed out. Zapped. All without firing a shot†22 This example is quite interesting as it simultaneously supports the relevance of Clausewitz, while at the same time proving how his writings have become dated in places It supports the notion of decisive victory in that it shows how a country can conclusively defeat an enemy – thus supporting his idea of decisive victory. But at the same time it shows clearly that not all of Clausewitz is still relevant. For example Clausewitz seemed cynical about the idea of achieving victory without much (or any) violence: â€Å"How are we to counter the highly sophisticated theory that supposes it is possible for a particularly ingenious method of inflicting minor direct damage on the enemy’s forces to lead to major indirect destruction; or that claims to produce by means of limited but skilfully applied blows, such paralysis of the enemy’s forces and control of his willpower as to constitute a significant shortcut to victory†23 This argument clearly shows that not all of Clausewitz has aged well – obviously during the Napoleonic era the idea of information warfare did not exist – so it would have been next to impossible to win a war using non violent means – however as has been shown in this age it is at least technically possible to achieve such a victory. It suggests that some parts of Clausewitz’s work should perhaps be seen as less relevant to certain situations than others. One area which appears to still be relevant is Clausewitz’s comments on the application of force. In the West today public opinion seems to favour engagements with minimal casualties – the public seem to want intervention when scenes of suffering are on TV (the so called CNN effect), but at the same time seem unwilling to tolerate the idea of people dying to stop the suffering24. This is a situation where Clausewitz noted that: â€Å"If one side uses force without compunction, undeterred by the bloodshed it involves while the other side refrain, the first will gain the upper hand†.25 This idea seems to have been taken onboard by a number of third world leaders who have engaged in some form of conflict with Western Countries (primarily the USA). A good example of this is the conflicts in Somalia – when the USA sent in troops to help restore order to the country they were hampered by restrictive rules of engagement and limited amounts of equipment – for example tanks as these were felt inappropriate. 26On the other hand, the opposition led by self styled Warlord General Aideed had no such restrictions – and it showed – he was repeatedly able to gain the upper hand and when US/UN troops attempted to capture him he was able to ambush and kill literally dozens of them.27 The images of American bodies being abused were enough to force an immediate and humiliating withdrawal from Somalia – a classic Clausewitzian example of one side using force when the other was unwilling and gaining the advantage – in this case over the strongest power in the world. This lesson illustrates an area where Clausewitz’s views on war are still highly relevant – indeed it appears that other countries learnt from this experience – in Haiti for example when the US sent a landing ship into the country to enforce a UN brokered peace agreement in 1994 they were met by a bunch of thugs who: â€Å"shook their fists, waved placards and shouted threats at the US ship. They were hooligans who would have dispersed at the first sign of well armed troops. But among their slogans was one in particular â€Å"we are going to turn this place into another Somalia†. News of the ‘Welcome Party’ and its curses were flashed to Washington where it provoked a panic†¦. The Clinton administration immediately ordered the (USS) Harlan County to withdraw from Haitian waters and to sail back to the USA†28 Again this is another good example of how even the threat to employ violence against a country which is not prepared to do so can have a major influence out of all proportion to the size of the protestors. It also demonstrates the continuing influence of Clausewitzian ideas. The example used above of the American experience in Somalia and Haiti is also relevant to Clausewitz’s ideas on ‘The centre of gravity’ – an idea which Clausewitz defined as follows: â€Å"What the theorist has to say here is this: one must keep the dominant characteristics of both belligerents in mind. Out of those characteristics a certain centre of gravity develops, the hub of all power and movement on which everything depends. That is the point at which all our energies should be directed†29 Furthermore Clausewitz identified three key components of this idea: â€Å"The Opponents army, his capital and, if he had a stronger protector the army of his ally. Since all of these were vulnerable to attack, said Clausewitz, ‘the defeat and destruction of his fighting force remains the best way to begin, and will in any case be a very significant feature of the campaign'†30 A good example of this would be the case of the Royal Navy during the Falklands War – Argentina identified the carriers as the centre of gravity for the UK operation and spent a good deal of time trying to sink them. As the commander of the Task Force noted: â€Å"If they hit Hermes or Invincible the Royal Navy will somehow be publicly disgraced†¦Worse yet, the British military will become the laughing stock of the world, limping home in defeat. John Bull humbled at last. At sea.†31 Although Clausewitz did not write on maritime warfare this is a clear example of how important the destruction of a naval fighting component can be to the success of a war. Other good examples of a country identifying and targeting the centre of gravity include Iraq’s use of Scud missiles against Israel during the Gulf war – had Israel responded militarily then it is likely that the coalition against Iraq would have collapsed as it seems doubtful that Arab powers such as Egypt and Syria would willingly fight on the same side as Israel. This supports Clausewitz’s ideas of attacking the armies (or at least cities) of allies to win the war. 32 For the coalition however attacking and destroying the Iraqi army (primarily the Republican Guard) was of vital importance – not only as knocking it out would win the war – but also destroying the Republican Guard would remove Saddam Hussein’s power base and hopefully make it impossible for him to remain as leader of Iraq. The Gulf War is a good example then of Clausewitz’s ideas continuing to be highly relevant to the planning of a military campaign. However some commentators (QUOTE!!) feel that the Gulf War was probably the last large conventional war to be fought by the West and that the nature of war in the future has changed. I believe then that the centre of gravity idea is still highly relevant – however I feel that it has become more refined since Clausewitz’s time. Although Clausewitz feels that there are only three key areas to which it applies, I feel that today the centre of gravity can be practically anything. For example in Somalia and Haiti – the use of force and the threat to use force proved the Americans centre – when faced with even the possibility of casualties, the Americans withdrew. This suggests that today the centre of gravity can be anything from a capital city to a single infantryman – who if killed could cause a change in policy. Another change is that Clausewitz assumed that the centre of gravity would be identical for both sides – whereas today that is not the case – a good example is that of the asymmetric warfare that is being waged between the USA and the terrorist Osama Bin Laden – he recognised the Pentagon and World Trade Centre as key examples of American power and prestige and saw them as their centre of gravity in any terrorist action. The Americans on the other hand see Bin Laden as the key centre of gravity – The most powerful country on earth is fighting a war, with a single man as their key target. This is a dramatic change from the days of mass warfare which Clausewitz was used to, and demonstrates not only the rapidly changing nature of warfare, but also illustrates the way that Clausewitz’s ideas can continue to be adapted to look at warfare in the present day. During this essay I have looked at a number of Clausewitz’s ideas in an attempt to see whether they have continuing relevance in a world where warfare is very different from the time when On War was written. By and large I feel that Clausewitz’s ideas are still relevant – or at least able to be adapted into the present day. Where he is not so relevant is more due to the development of weapons and styles of warfare that he could not have possibly been aware of, rather than through any fault of his own. I feel that the following quote sums up nicely the relevance of Clausewitz to this day: â€Å"Of course not all of Clausewitz’s military thought has remained relevant. His vision of war did not include its economic, air, sea and space dimensions for example. But his concept of war†¦will remain valid as long as states, drug lords, warrior clans and terrorist groups have mind to wage it†33 1 Information taken from On War, p5, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press. 2 The Conduct of War 1789-1961, Chapter 4, p59. Major General J.F.C.Fuller, 1972 Methuen 3 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p11, 1983, Oxford University Press. 4 Information taken from On War, p5, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 5 Indeed there is evidence to suggest that by 1827 he considered only the first chapter of book one to be complete – the remainder needing revision. Source The Conduct of War 1789-1961, Chapter 4, p59. Major General J.F.C.Fuller, 1972 Methuen 6 Makers of Modern Strategy, p208, Oxford University Press, 2000 edition. 7 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p01, 1983, Oxford University Press. 8 Quote taken from www.gov.au/lwsc/publications/CA%eEssays/RMA 9 On War, p75, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 10 On War, p75, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 11 Sun Tzu’s art of War, The modern Chinese interpretation, p95 General Tao Hanzhang, 1987, David and Charles 12 Masters of War, Sun Tzu, Clausewitz and Jomini, p32, Michael I.Handel 1992, Frank Cass 13 On War, p87, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 14 Quote taken from www.Clausewitz.com, however text is from an article originally published in Joint Forces Quarterly, Winter 1995-1996 which is reproduced on the website. 15 For example – what are the current victory objectives in the campaign in Afghanistan and how will we know when victory has been achieved? 16 On War, p230, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 17 For example the possible attempts at the time of writing by US/UK special forces to capture or eliminate Osama Bin Laden. 18 Even then Clausewitz did not attempt to write on maritime operations – concentrating solely on land warfare. 19 The Next World War,p14, James Adams, 1998 Hutchinson. 20 A good example of this prediction was seen with the terrorist attack on the 11th of September. 21 Quote taken from www.gov.au/lwsc/publications/CA%eEssays/RMA 22 Flashpoint World War Three, p153-154, Andrew Murray, 1997, Pluto Press 23 On War, p228, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 24 Given the current situation in the USA it will be interesting to see whether the so called ‘body bag’ syndrome has ended or whether once US troops are killed, public opinion will change to demand a more peaceful solution. 25 On War, p75-76, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 26 Information taken from Deliver us From Evil, (Chapter 4), William Shawcross,2000, Bloomsbury. 27 Total American losses in Somalia were 30 dead, 175 wounded, the UN lost 72 killed and 87 wounded (Source World Conflicts, Patrick Brogan, 1998, Bloomsbury) 28 Deliver us from evil, p103, William Shawcross, 2000 Bloomsbury. 29 On War, p596, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press 30 Clausewitz, Michael Howard, p39, 1983, Oxford University Press. (Professor Howard incorporates a quote from On War, p596, Carl Von Clausewitz, (edited by Michael Howard & Peter Paret), 1984, Princeton University Press) 31 One Hundred Days, p100, Admiral Sandy Woodward, 1992, Harper Collins 32 However – given the overwhelming amount of Western military power in the region and the political willpower to fight the war, it seems likely that Iraq would still have lost the war – whether Israel was a centre of gravity in the sense that it could remove the coalition from the war seems dubious. 33 Quote taken from www.Clausewitz.com, however text is from an article originally published in Joint Forces Quarterly, Winter 1995-1996 which is reproduced on the website.

Christianity and Islam - 763 Words

In a world of mystery and unanswered questions, religion steps up to the plate to give people hope and explanation for our unanswered questions. Religion has been around for centuries, there is not an exact number of how many religions exist, but it is closely estimated to be over 4,200. Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world and though they have many similarities, they also have vast differences. Unfortunately it is hard to say or believe if they will ever reconcile because of their differences. Inherited from Judaism, Islam and Christianity are beliefs that believe that God created the world and cares about the behavior and beliefs of human beings. There is no coincidence that the two largest†¦show more content†¦These conflicts are mostly generated because of some differences within their religion. Though both are Monotheistic, Christians believe in the Trinity, where as Muslims believe God is indivisible. Christians believe that as a member of the Trinity, Jesus is the Son of God. Muslims believe that Jesus was conceived by an act of God and though not the Son of God, he is like Muhammad, a highly respected Prophet. Their difference can also be found within the origin of how life began, ultimately changing the end result of both religions. Christians believe Adam is guilty of disobeying God and that we all bear this Original Sin when we are born. We can be saved from this, and other sins, through accepting Jesus Christs atonement. Christians believe that Jesus was crucified on a cross to atone for mans sins. Muslims on the other hand, believe Adam was faultless (some refer to him as a Prophet). They believe Jesus did not die on the cross and consequently there is no atonement. Muslims believe that each person is born sin-less and must take responsibility for maintaining this state throughout life. Even how the government is run, differences are found. Secular law and morality are separate in Christian countries and they h ave secular governments. Islam considers law and morality are synonymous; the law is based on their moral code and politics are governed by the religion. Their even have differences in what they eat. Christians have a more relaxed view about whatShow MoreRelatedIslam And Christianity : Christianity And Islam1684 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Slattery World Religions November 11, 2014 Islam and Christianity There are 7 billion people living all around the world. Everybody has grown up enriched in different cultures, beliefs, traditions, and social standings. Each person, with their own developed views of the world, following a religion such as Christianity and Islam or specifically choosing not to follow a religion, even have many similarities. Christianity and Islam, both, follow by a sacred book of their God’s word althoughRead MoreChristianity And Islam : Islam1317 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Islam in Premodern Africa Christianity and Islam date back to a time long before the modern era and both have sizable similarities between the two religions. Many of these similarities can be simplified into three subjects; both have books comprised of holy texts written about events taking place during their prophet’s life, both are believed to have started with God appointed leaders, and both consist of different divisions within their religion. Christianity starting with theRead MoreChristianity And Islam : Islam937 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM.† Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with over 2 billion Christian, and 1.5 billion Muslim followers. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ approximately 2000 years ago in Palestine. 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Since a lot of people do not understand Islam, it is often confusedRead MoreIslam : Christianity And Islam Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesIslam is one of the second largest religions in the world with Christianity as the first (Catholicism being the largest denomination). A report from the Vatican, in 2008, stated that 19 percent of the world’s population is made up of Islam, while Catholics make up only 17.4 percent of world’s population. Both Catholicism and Islam have branched off Judaism and share many similarities such as the idea of life after death. Just like Catholicism, Islam is a monotheistic religion which means that theyRead MoreComparing Islam And Christianity And Islam1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthat will be different due to preconceptions and fundamental beliefs. Comparing and contrasting Islam and Christianity, is a wonderful example of these differences based on fundamental beliefs. This concept is explored in the rest of this work through critically accessing Christian and Muslim views on the question of origin, identity, meaning and purpose, morality, and destiny. Islam and Christianity are in agreement that the origin of both living things and man were created by God himself. TheRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam992 Words   |  4 PagesJudaism, Christianity and Islam are three of the most recognized monotheistic religions worldwide. These religions are often referred to as the Abrahamic religions because of their history to the founding father, Abraham. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are closely related with varying differences. Christianity was born from within the Jewish tradition, and Islam developed from both Christianity and Judaism. We take a look at some of the major similarities and major differences of these widely practicedRead MoreChristianity vs Islam1485 Words   |  6 Pagesthe surface, Islam and Christianity appear to have very little in common, however, as you get deeper into areas such as rituals, beliefs, ethics, founders, and sacred objects, the two show strong mutual similarities, particularly in the fundamenta l areas. In this essay I will compare and contrast the doctrines that make up the worlds largest and most recognized religions, Christianity and Islam. The word Islam means surrenderRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1052 Words   |  5 PagesAubrey Fletcher 3/9/15 Humanities Professor Michaud 417868 Judaism, Christianity, and Islam There are roughly 4,200 different religions in the world today, among them the largest are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These three religions are more similar then one would think. Christianity is the largest religion in the world with 2 billion followers and are called Christians. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.3 billion followers. They are called Muslims, which means â€Å"oneRead MoreChristianity, Islam, And Judaism1636 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity, Islam, and Judaism All three religions believe and worship the same God but they do it in different ways. Judaism happens to be the oldest religion today but they don’t have an official creed. They aim to teach you about God, the Messiah, human beings, and the universe which makes Jewish beliefs very important to them. But it is important to understand that being Jewish is more of a race and culture than it is a religion. Some Jewish people may have no interest in Judaism. Judaism has